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Iran to Levy Hormuz Strait Transit Fees, Taking Payment in RMB or Dollar-Linked Stablecoins
Iran will require all ultralarge crude carriers transiting the Strait of Hormuz to pay tolls to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), using settlement routes that explicitly avoid U.S. dollar payment channels, Deputy Foreign Minister Gharibabadi said at a regular press briefing in Tehran on April 2.
The move turns Tehran's control of a key maritime chokepoint into a formalized revenue and payments system aimed at sidestepping dollar-based oversight. Bloomberg, citing internal documents from the IRGC Navy, said the technical rollout was completed by the end of March, faster than markets expected.
Iran will accept toll payments only via RMB wire transfers or settlement in U.S. dollar stablecoins over a decentralized network. Iran's customs authority has set up a dedicated crypto-exchange counter on Qeshm Island to expedite conversion into rials or transfers to overseas accounts after receipt.
The structure is designed to bypass the traditional shipping settlement rails of SWIFT and correspondent banking, where Iran-linked transactions can trigger U.S. Treasury secondary sanctions. By pairing the CrossBorder RMB Payment System with public blockchain networks, Iran is creating a parallel payment channel outside conventional dollar monitoring.
London shipbroker Braemar said at least two oil tankers flying lesser-known flags completed RMB payments and transited the strait safely by the end of March. Domestically, Iran's Parliament's National Security Committee passed the "Hormuz Strait Transit Management Act" on March 30, providing legal backing for the mechanism.
Fee levels will be tiered by vessel category and geopolitical alignment. Bloomberg, citing people familiar with the plan, reported that crude transit fees start at $0.50 per barrel and are split into five tiers based on relations with different countries:
1) Ally special rate: $0.5–$0.7 per barrel for China and Russia, plus a dedicated green channel allowing passage upon regular reporting.
2) Friendly partners: $0.80–$0.90 per barrel for countries such as India and Pakistan.
3) Neutral countries: $1 per barrel for Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America, requiring declaration and post-inspection clearance to verify no hostile assets are present.
4) High-risk countries: $1.20–$1.50 per barrel for U.S.-aligned but non-hostile states such as Japan and South Korea, along with many EU nations, with full monitoring and longer review times.
5) United States, Israel and allies: prohibited.
After payment, the IRGC will issue a license code and routing instructions. Vessels must fly the flag of a country that has negotiated a transit agreement with Iran and, in some cases, formally re-register under that flag. Approaching the Strait of Hormuz, ships must broadcast the transit code over VHF radio. A patrol boat then escorts the vessel through a route close to the coastline, passing between a group of islands referred to in the industry as the "Iranian toll booths."
The development marks the first instance of a sovereign state integrating a stablecoin into strategic payment infrastructure at mandatory commercial scale. Unlike El Salvador's symbolic adoption of bitcoin as legal tender, Iran's system targets high-volume trade: the strait handles about 21% of global crude-oil seaborne shipments, with dozens of vessels transiting daily. If sustained, the arrangement could channel more than $20 billion a year in stablecoins into Iran-controlled digital wallets, forming a gray liquidity pool backed by sovereign enforcement.
Industry spillovers are already emerging in marine insurance and trade finance. The International Group of P&I Clubs has circulated an internal alert warning that payments to the IRGC could trigger sanctions-compliance risks under EU and UK rules, potentially voiding cover. Shipowners face a stark trade-off: rerouting around the Cape of Good Hope adds roughly 15 days and tens of thousands of dollars in fuel costs, while paying crypto tolls risks sanctions-related account freezes.
Some commodity traders are exploring workarounds through Pakistani intermediaries. Islamabad has recently said it will allow 20 international oil tankers to fly the Pakistani flag, effectively creating an offshore outsourcing channel for Iran's transit system.
Iran is not alone in experimenting with tolling chokepoints through alternative payment rails. Russia has previously floated a similar fee framework for the Northern Sea Route and publicly discussed accepting cryptocurrency payments. The broader trend of converting geographic hubs into digital settlement nodes is reshaping the payments backbone of global energy trade.
Risks remain. USDT and USDC are still pegged to the U.S. dollar and can be subject to OFAC-related tracking. A key question is whether IRGC-linked shadow entities can, at scale, "decentralize" conversion into physical assets or fiat currency such as the rial. Still, as long as Iran retains geographic leverage over the Strait of Hormuz, the crypto-mediated contest over payment infrastructure is likely to continue pushing new boundaries for global trade.