1h ago
Lido Begins Shift of 8M+ ETH to 0x02 Validators, Aiming to Shrink Ethereum's Validator Set
Lido has rolled out its biggest Core Protocol upgrade since Lido V2, starting with the migration of more than 8 million ETH to Ethereum's newer "0x02" validator format, the company said Monday in a note shared with Bitcoin.com News.
The move covers over 8 million ETH valued at about $16.5 billion, roughly one-fifth of all ETH currently staked. Lido said node operators will consolidate this stake from legacy "0x01" validators into "0x02" validators, a structure enabled by Ethereum's Pectra hardfork earlier this year.
Under Pectra, a single validator can hold up to 2,048 ETH versus the previous 32 ETH limit. This allows operators to merge thousands of validators into a much smaller set while maintaining the same amount of staked ETH. Lido estimates the change will lift the share of its staked ETH running on 0x02 validators from about 32% to roughly 52% and, once complete, reduce Ethereum's overall validator count by close to a third.
Network impact
With fewer validators carrying the same stake, Ethereum's consensus layer has less data to process each slot. Researchers have been pushing for a leaner validator set to speed finality and lower operational costs. Lido described its consolidation as the largest of its kind so far and said it shifts a meaningful portion of the network in that direction.
"This is the biggest change to how Lido Core staking works since Lido V2," said Isidoros Passadis, Chief of Staking at Lido Labs Foundation. He added that operators securing most ETH staked via Lido are moving to far fewer validators and, for the first time, backing that stake with their own capital.
Curated operators now post bonds
The upgrade, Curated Module v2 (CMv2), also changes operator requirements. After five years in which Lido's Curated Module largely relied on operator reputation and track record, CMv2 requires Curated Node Operators to lock ETH as a bond to cover risks such as slashing, execution-layer rewards violations and operational failures. Lido noted that bonding has been used in its permissionless Community Staking Module since its 2024 launch, and CMv2 extends that requirement to professional operators that handle most Lido-staked ETH.
Separately, Community Staking Module v3 (CSM v3) introduces a new operator category, Identified DVT Clusters, aimed at verified community stakers who run validators jointly using distributed validator technology from providers such as Obol or SSV. By splitting validator duties across independent operators, DVT can reduce slashing and downtime risk, which in turn lowers the bond needed relative to the stake secured.
No action required for stETH holders
CMv2 and CSM v3 are now live. Lido said curated operators will migrate validators from 0x01 to 0x02 over the coming months, subject to Ethereum's activation queue. Holders of stETH do not need to take any action, and Lido said their positions are unaffected.
Lido also outlined a later phase, expected in Q1 2027, that would launch a marketplace where operators compete for stake allocation based on fees and performance.