21m ago
Strategy and BitMine sit on about $21 billion of unrealized losses
Strategy and BitMine are sharply underwater on their crypto treasury holdings. Combined, the two companies carry roughly $21 billion in unrealized losses, while the broader Digital Asset Treasury Company (DAT) cohort has lost about $62 billion in market value.
DATs finance themselves through equity and bond issuance and invest the proceeds almost exclusively in crypto assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. In this structure, crypto is the core balance-sheet asset—not a payment rail or a technology bet.
Strategy pioneered the playbook when Michael Saylor began accumulating Bitcoin in August 2020, starting with 21,454 BTC bought for $250 million. BitMine took a different path: under Tom Lee, it pivoted in 2025 from Bitcoin mining to an Ethereum treasury strategy dubbed "Alchemy of 5%". Both stocks previously traded for extended periods at mNAV premiums above 1.0x—an important condition that helped the model compound.
That tailwind has reversed. Bitcoin is down 32% year to date and Ethereum is down 48%, leaving both well below many treasury companies' entry prices.
Strategy sells Bitcoin for the first time since 2022
Between May 26 and May 31, 2026, Strategy sold 32 BTC for $2.5 million, implying an average price of $77,135 per Bitcoin. The sale marks the company's first Bitcoin disposal since 2022 and a departure from its long-running "never sell" messaging. Proceeds were used to fund the dividend on STRC preferred shares.
The transaction is small, but the precedent matters. On May 11, Strategy had still purchased an additional 535 BTC for $43 million. The backdrop is a tight funding setup: as of May 31, Strategy reported $900 million in cash reserves, while five preferred-share series generate annual obligations of roughly $750 million to $800 million. That leaves limited cushion for ongoing dividends and financing costs, making the sale look less like a one-off and more like an early sign of structural pressure.
Saylor discussed the move publicly, framing it as intentional market signaling: "We will probably sell some Bitcoin to pay a dividend, simply to immunize the market and to set the signal that we have done it."
On its total position of 843,706 BTC, Strategy's unrealized loss is about $10.8 billion, based on an average purchase price of $75,699. For Q1 2026, the company also posted a net loss of $12.54 billion, driven by an unrealized Bitcoin loss of $14.46 billion. MSTR shares are now about 66% below their 52-week high.
BitMine's Ethereum treasury shows about $10.4 billion in losses
As of June 1, 2026, BitMine held roughly 5,416,901 ETH—around 4.49% of circulating supply. Of that, 4,718,677 ETH (87%) is staked. The company's cost basis is about $18 billion, with an average entry price of $3,476 per ETH. At a current ETH price of $1,555, the unrealized loss is approximately $10.4 billion.
Under "Alchemy of 5%," Tom Lee originally targeted an accumulation of about 6 million ETH—roughly 5% of total supply. The build was funded entirely through equity issuance, without debt. BitMine estimates annualized staking income of $296 million to $374 million at a seven-day yield of 2.7% to 2.9%. Even so, that income stream is arithmetically insufficient to offset a book loss of more than $10 billion within any realistic timeframe.
BMNR shares have fallen from a 52-week high of $161 to below $17, a decline of about 89%, pushing the mNAV premium down to roughly 0.95x. That undercuts the issuance flywheel: selling new shares below the underlying crypto value dilutes existing holders. Beyond ETH, BitMine also holds about 203 BTC, around $446 million in cash, and additional positions under "Moonshot Investments." Lee has described the unrealized losses as "a feature, not a bug," pointing to ongoing staking yield, but the market response is reflected in the stock trading below the implied value of the crypto holdings.
When the mNAV premium slips, the DAT flywheel stalls
The DAT model is self-reinforcing when a company trades above 1.0x mNAV: it can issue shares at a premium, buy more crypto, raise per-share crypto exposure, and support the premium. Once the premium falls below 1.0x, the dynamic flips—new issuance becomes dilutive and growth slows.
Strategy's mNAV is about 0.72x on a market-cap basis, but about 1.03x when measured against enterprise value. BitMine trades just under parity at roughly 0.95x. A further complication is a 2026 FASB rule change requiring unrealized gains and losses on digital assets to flow directly through net income, increasing volatility and amplifying negative quarterly swings.
That leaves treasury companies reliant on three levers: a rebound in crypto prices, ongoing yield (including staking), and continued access to capital markets. If one of these is impaired, leveraged DATs can come under pressure quickly. Kalshi prediction markets currently imply an 80% probability that Bitcoin drops below $60,000 again in 2026.
Broader treasury-company sector also retreats
The stress extends beyond Strategy and BitMine. The combined market capitalization of all Bitcoin treasury companies has fallen from just under $134 billion in October 2025 to about $72 billion, a $62 billion decline.
Strategy remains the dominant player: its 843,706 BTC represent about 76% of the Bitcoin held by listed treasury firms, which collectively manage 1,215,993 BTC. "Copycat" buyers have largely paused. Over the past month, non-Strategy firms together acquired only 1,000 BTC—down 99% from the August 2025 peak of 69,000 BTC.
Recent examples underscore the strain: Nakamoto under David Bailey executed a 1:40 reverse split, Japan's Metaplanet trades more than 80% below its annual high, and SoftBank sold its entire 26% stake in Twenty One Capital to Tether. With that, the model appears to be losing its appeal to new entrants.